Clinical Studies of Failures with the Witmer Formboard

In 1915-16 H. H. Young1 made the first extensive study with the Witmer Formboard and used the results from testing 1474 normal boys and 1375 normal girls of all ages for a preliminary and basic standardization of normal children. The object of the following investigation was threefold; (1) to study the formboard as an educational device; (2) to analyze failures so as to determine why a subject fails and what his failure means; and (3) to get one who has failed, to do the test with a minimum amount of teaching. No attempt was made to examine a large number of children. The investigation was not interested in the standardization of results ?r in standard procedure, but in learning what difficulties the formboard presents, what causes failure, and what failure means in relation to diagnosis. Wherever children were tested in a school, the